The complexity of modern urban environments has led to the introduction of 3D Land Information Systems (LISs), which tend to replace traditional 2D LIS architectures for the purposes of urban planning and regeneration, land administration, real estate management and civil development. Both the need for 3D visualization of the geometry of buildings in various time instances through the years and the need for acquisition of 3D models in various levels of detail (LoDs), which not only fulfill the requirements of the various users but also they speed up the visualization process, are obvious. Thus, additional dimensions, that is, for time and scale, need to be supported by a modern LIS. This service introduces a 5D modelling pipeline that may be adopted by a multi-purpose LIS for the selective creation of 3D models of an urban area in various time instances and at various LoDs, enriched with cadastral and other spatial data. The methodology is based on automatic change detection algorithms for spatial-temporal analysis of the spatial changes that took place in subsequent time periods, using image orientation, dense image matching and structure from motion algorithms, the procedure requires photogrammetric stereo plotting, implements procedural modelling and relies on the availability of overlapping aerial and terrestrial imagery, ground control points and cadastral information.

NEO signals changes to agriculture parcels. Monitoring, based on satellite imagery in combination with artificial intelligence, aims to detect changes in the boundaries of the parcels. The service saves time and money because, based on the mutation signalling, parcels can be looked at more specifically to determine the new parcel boundaries. This supports the process of keeping the national LPIS (Land Parcel Identification System) registry up to date. The service that NEO provides is unique: it is the first time that mutation signalling based on earth observation is performed automatically on this scale. In this way the 500.000 parcels in the Netherlands are monitored. Open data from the national satellite data portal in the Netherlands is used.

NEO is monitoring trees using satellite data and deep learning methodologies. This service informs people about the status of different trees species in their surrounding/municipality. Trees managed by municipalities can be checked on presence and correct attributes such as tree height.

Using knowledge about how certain substances, such as one of the main pigments of the phytoplankton (Chlorophyll a - Chl a) alter the colour of the water, these parameters can be derived from optial Earth Observation (EO) satellite sensors. Water Insight provides monitoring services of Chl a based on EO data which is validated with in situmeasurements. Also the maps of WFD phytoplankton biomass status classes are created, by application of the WFD tresholds on Chl a as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. The maps are made available in a portal, which allows to follow the lakes in time, zoom and download maps and time series.